Bong county has twelve districts. Gbarnga serves as the capital. The area of the county measures 3,387 sq. mi. As of the 2008 Census, it had a population of 328,919, making it the third-most populous county in Liberia. The county was organized in 1964 and is important for its mining industry.

Named after Mount Bong in the southern portion of the county, it is bordered by Lofa and Gbarpolu counties to the north, Margibi and Montserrado counties to the west, Grand Bassa County to the south, and Nimba County to the east. The northeast part of Bong borders the nation of Guinea. The two geological instruments in the white field portion of the flag symbolize Bong County’s mining industry.